VCSU Library Citation Guide

Title Page

Class papers should begin with a title page (but some put the title on the first page - consult with your instructor). 

Place the title of the paper a third of the way down the page (centered)

Several lines below the title, place your name, and other relevant information (such as date, instructor's name, etc.) 

Bibliography

Label the page, Bibliography

Leave two lines between title and first entry with one blank line between entries

Entries should be single spaced

Arrange entries alphabetically

Basic Format

Last Name, First Name. Date of Publication. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher. 

Chapter in an Edited Book                                                                                             

Last Name, First Name. Date of Publication. “Title of Chapter” In Title of Book, edited by First Name Last Name, ##–##. Place of Publication: Publisher.

eBook 

Last Name, First Name. Date of Publication. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher. Database. 

Translated Book                                                                                                          

Last Name, First Name. Date of Publication. Title of Book. Translated by First Name Last Name. Place of Publication: Publisher. 

Basic Format                                                                                                               

Last Name, First Name. Date of Publication. “Title of Article.” Name of Journal volume (issue): page range. URL/Database/DOI

General Format

Name of Government. Date of Publication. Title of Document. Report number. Page numbers. URL. 

US Congress, House of Representatives, Select Committee on Homeland Security. 2002. Homeland Security Act of 2002. 107th Cong., 2nd sess. HR Rep. 107-609, pt. 1. 

For more information and specifics consult the Turabian guide (pages 281-289)

General Format

Creator Name. Date of Release/Publication. “Title of Source.” Other creators. Specific Date. Type of Source, time stamp. URL.

Beyoncé. 2016. “Sorry.” Directed by Kahlil Joseph and Beyoncé Knowles. June 22, 2016. Music video, 4:25. https://youtu.be/QxsmWxxouIM.

Stamper, Kory. 2017. “From ‘F-Bomb’ to ‘Photobomb,’ How the Dictionary Keeps Up with English.” Interview by Terry Gross. Fresh Air, NPR, April 19, 2017. Audio, 35:25. http://www.npr.org/2017/04/19/524618639/from-f-bomb-to-photobomb-how-the-dictionary-keeps-up-with-english.

Basic Format

Last Name, First Name. Date of Publication. “Title of Source.” Type of Source, Institution Name, Place of Publication. Database Name. 

General Format

Last Name, First Name (@username). Date. “In place of a title, quote up to the first 160 characters of the post.” Source Type, Post Date. URL.

Chicago Manual of Style. 2015. “Is the world ready for singular they? We thought so back in 1993.” Facebook, April 17, 2015. https://www.facebook.com/ChicagoManual/posts/10152906193679151.

Souza, Pete (@petesouza). 2016. “President Obama bids farewell to President Xi of China at the conclusion of the Nuclear Security Summit.” Instagram photo, April 1, 2016. https://www.instagram.com/p/BDrmfXTtNCt/.

Website (with author)

Author/Organization. Date of Publication. “Title of Page/Article.” Website Name. Last modified [date]. URL.

Web pages and other website content can be cited as shown here. For a source that does not list a date of publication, posting, or revision, use n.d. (for “no date”) in place of the year and include an access date.

Basic Format (same as for scholarly articles)

Last Name, First Name. Date of Publication. “Title of Article.” Name of Magazine/Newspaper, Specific Date/Volume Issue. URL (if available).

Personal interviews, correspondence, and other types of personal communications—including email and text messages and direct messages sent through social media—are usually cited in the text only; they are rarely included in a reference list.

In Text: 

(Sam Gomez, Facebook message to author, August 1, 2017)

(Interview with home health aide, July 31, 2017)